Postmodernism is associated with the disciplines deconstruction and post-structuralism. Initially emerging from a mode of literary criticism, postmodernism developed in the mid-twentieth century as a rejection of modernism and has been observed across many disciplines. Thus, the postmodern outlook is characterized by self-referentiality, epistemological relativism, moral relativism, pluralism, irony, irreverence, and eclecticism it rejects the "universal validity" of binary oppositions, stable identity, hierarchy, and categorization. Claims to objective fact are dismissed as naive realism, with attention drawn to the conditional nature of knowledge claims within particular historical, political, and cultural discourses. Postmodernism is an intellectual stance or mode of discourse defined by an attitude of skepticism toward the " grand narratives" associated with modernism, opposition to notions of epistemic certainty or the stability of meaning, and emphasis on the role of ideology in maintaining systems of socio-political power. Hermeneutics of suspicion and Masters of suspicion.For other uses, see Postmodernism (disambiguation). For the condition or state of being, see Postmodernity. For the architectural style, see Postmodern architecture.
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